Cold War Essay Topics

Cold War Essay TopicsCold War essay topics are similar to traditional writing that has a theme. The main difference is that the traditional paper will have the same type of structure as an essay; an introduction, conclusion, supporting information, discussion, and signature at the end. However, when writing a Cold War essay you are dealing with different subjects.You will not need to follow a set pattern as in a traditional essay. However, with an essay like this, you will need to do something different.First, when dealing with Cold War essay topics, you will need to be more specific than in other types of essay. The theme of an essay is something that you can make very general, but in this case, you will need to be specific. This means that you will have to define each theme. For example, you should define whether you are writing about history, art, culture, or literature.After you define the types of themes, then you will need to look for words that relate to each one. For example, if you are going to be writing about history, you need to look for words that have to do with Europe, and if you are writing about art, you will need to look for words that relate to paintings or drawings. For culture, you should use words that relate to music, movies, television, movies, theater, and books. On the other hand, for literature, you should use words that relate to fiction, creative writing, novels, and short stories.When it comes to writing about art, you should always use words that relate to art movements, and you should also include words that relate to the artist. For example, if you are writing about Russian art, you should include words that have to do with paintings, drawings, sculptures, photography, literature, video, design, and theater. If you are writing about a Cuban painter, you should include words that relate to Cubans, art, and Cubans. Finally, if you are writing about art and literature, you should include words that relate to writers such as Victor Hugo, Albert Camus, and Miguel de Cervantes.These are the main differences between a Cold War essay and a traditional composition. It is important to remember that there is no set way to write an essay. Your topic is your guide and will help you determine the order of your essay, but you can find more ways to create your own topics.If you are unsure of what type of topics you will need to include in your Cold War essay, consider the kinds of subjects that you have already studied. For example, if you have studied the Cold War and the culture that surround it, you will need to write about this topic and the particular culture that you have studied. However, if you have not studied the culture surrounding the Cold War, you may want to consider writing about it. Regardless of what subject you choose, there is a trend to be unique in your writing.Cold War essay topics are unique, so you should be able to differentiate yourself from all of the other submissions. To find ideas on topics, you can check out themes of history, art, and literature, as well as other subjects that relate to them.

The Word Essay Comes from the Title of the Book of What Renaissance Write Explained

<h1>The Word Essay Comes from the Title of the Book of What Renaissance Write Explained </h1> <h2> How to Get Started with the Word Essay Comes from the Title of the Book of What Renaissance Write? </h2> <p>Again, it's critical to ensure the thoughts that you've introduced in your substance stream. This procedure is cliché to such an extent that it should be authoritatively illegal. In Utopia they have the board framework that is alluded to as philarch. </p> <p>You'll not need to be worried about the propriety of your title. It's conceivable to blend and match the gave titles to make something exceptional, yet still not have to worry about whether you've figured out how to hold fast to the principles. You likewise need to forestall unoriginality and utilizing the off base style and tone. In addition, school instructors grade composed assignments from different points of view dependent on their own private inclinations and abstract translations of the subject issue. </p> <p>There are recipes and strategies for attempting to create great titles, however it's still a decent arrangement of mystery. At the point when you have depicted the entirety of your focuses inside your body, you may then create the end. The hypothesis is this made people focus on the attribute of their lives on earth alongside existence in the wake of death. In most of cases, it's trying to perceive what you should incorporate and those which you can forget about. </p> <h2> The Word Essay Comes from the Title of the Book of What Renaissance Write and the Word Essay Comes from the Title of the Book of What Renaissance Write - The Perfect Combination</h2> <p>Thomas More needed to get a cosmology instruction, anyway it didn't occur. In the event that you wish to see how to compose school exposition, we'll disclose to you the most ideal approach to do it. A great method to start a factious exposition Second, have a voyage through this site to obtain a supe rior thought regarding what's in store and approaches to get included we encourage you to enjoy the occasion read up and be solid and steady. </p> <p>Most of us have composed an exposition. The following point to talk about is an extended article group. At the point when you feel acquainted with the theme, you should have the option to have a basic discussion on the circumstance. On the best way to compose pugnacious expositions, an individual is required to flexibly contentions plainly if you want an incredible evaluation. </p> <p>The introduction of your article should be engaging and charming. In the event that you might want to make influential articles, at that point you need to follow steps talked about above. Now and again, composing a 500 word article can be somewhat a scary endeavor. Take a gander at these counsel on the best way to create articles for your school paper. </p> <p>On the other side, you shouldn't disregard the scholarly importance of the presentation. From here espresso immediately began to spread. Any individual who says espresso, chocolate, or tea end up being a significant attribute of the Renaissance is mixed up and they should simply a touch of investigation into the issue. Try not to be frightful of giving innovativeness access your paper (sensibly speaking, obviously) and become familiar with the conceivable outcomes. </p> <p>You may join through the application approach. Before you even start composing, verify you know about the subtleties that you are working with. Using language may not be the absolute best way to deal with pass on the information that you intend to. Begin searching for the comparing data on the net to work on composing. </p> <p>There are at any rate many these here now gone again later administrations working today, and understudies need to get the best possible exposition composing administration for their interesting needs. The issue of quick exchange end up being a strict one. Subsequently, Chinese businesses can make impressive measures of product at an insignificant expense and offer them to a huge industry. The world's greatest populace relies upon its good socioeconomics, yet moreover lays systems towards transforming into a worldwide money related pioneer. </p> <p>Because composed assignments structure the establishment for practically a wide range of execution evaluations in school, their significance can't be exaggerated. Before you know about it, the draft is finished, and it's set up to be conveyed for peer audit. This isn't an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. Utilize appropriate reference to forestall literary theft! </p>

Critical Analysis Writing Service Canada Exposed

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How to Structure Your Essay in Art History

How to Structure Your Essay in Art HistoryWhen you're planning your college essay writing career, you'll likely find that the subject matter in your introductory essay on art history is a great starting point. You'll find that writing about art history is an excellent way to explore the theory and practice of art. But when you start thinking about how to structure your essay, you might find that your topics are limited by what you have available in your textbook.If you want to write an interesting essay about art history, you'll likely start your topic with a question. You'll want to begin your essay by asking a question that allows you to develop a better understanding of the theory of art. It's important to be clear in the opening paragraph. A sentence or two will be needed to set the scene for the rest of the essay.The next step in writing a great art history essay involves structuring your introduction. There are several ways to do this, but it's essential to think about each of them carefully before moving ahead. The most common method is to use a question to tie the rest of the essay together. You'll want to find a good, solid structure to help you get the most out of your essay.Some students prefer different ways to structure their essay. Students who structure their essay using a question that sets the context for the rest of the essay often come across as more professional. Students who construct their essay this way are likely to get a higher grade, but they are also more likely to feel that their essay is not as effective as one written by another student.Begin your essay by asking a key question that will set the tone for the rest of the essay. This is the foundation for the rest of the essay. The key question should be clear and unambiguous. While it's fine to use a question to help you get the ball rolling, it's also very important to make sure that the question you ask is the one that will best define the scope of your essay.The next step in your essay writing process is to compose your opening paragraph. It's important to determine exactly what information you want to include in the first paragraph. You can't just throw out a bunch of facts; it's important to be concise and to address the key points of your essay in your opening paragraph.Themes for art history are varied. Some students like to consider themes that connect to the type of work they will be writing about. For example, some students might find a different focus helpful in their writing. Other students are interested in developing a theme or incorporating an all-encompassing theme into their essay.Finally, you will want to establish a thesis statement in your essay, which is an important concept that drives the rest of your essay. An interesting essay is the result of well-structured essays, so make sure that you follow these tips so that you can produce an original essay of high quality.

Physical Therapy Essay Examples

Physical Therapy Essay ExamplesPersonal statement examples are one of the primary elements that can set a student apart from the crowd. The numerous tests, quizzes and exams can easily overwhelm a student as they have a daunting amount of information to remember on a daily basis.In order to get a better grasp of what this part of the written exam is all about, the student's need to realize how important it is to understand the concept of facts. It is not an easy thing to get stuck on a topic with no place to run because of the huge amounts of information to absorb. Taking a brief moment to reflect on this will allow students to perform better in their exams.The subjects that are covered in this type of test are quite varied and include physical therapy, nursing, psychology, health sciences, general education, academic coaching, management and job selection. However, these exams are usually taken by aspiring doctors or nurses who are out on the hunt for a new career path. These tests offer students a way to show their commitment to their chosen fields and are also a good way to determine the type of people they are.Students are provided a plethora of sample exam questions, which they can use as resources when they are writing their essays. However, since students are required to present their essay to one or more professors at their schools, these sample questions have to be kept in mind. Students should find them to be helpful but should also have a good idea of what to do before they turn them in.Sample examples are extremely helpful since they can provide the student with a great deal of information. Although most students are familiar with these types of topics, many are unaware of the fact that there are only so many questions they can tackle in the exam. Many times students will overlook the fact that the sample question can come in handy.Some students may have gotten the information they need from the examples but most will be more successful if they turn to the professor for some current research on the topic. Other students may know about the topic, but simply don't know enough to use the information. When a student does end up using these examples, it will not be a one time thing.Most students find that when they turn to these sample examples, they can get some good information without having to read a vast amount of information. This can be a big help in giving students an edge in their final exams.

The Philosophy Of Art And Art Essay - 1935 Words

Introduction Whilst the initial roots of aesthetics as a philosophical mode of enquiry may be traced as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, with the discipline itself arising as a cohesive branch of philosophy in eighteenth century Europe in parallel with the emergence of fine art and museum culture, what is now often referred to as feminist aesthetics or feminist philosophy of art constitutes a strikingly novel area of intellectual enquiry, having arisen as recently as the 1970’s (Brand and Korsmeyer, 1995, 12; Ziarek, 2012, 8). It hence seems reasonable to assert that aesthetic approaches which address the relevance of gender as a central unit of analysis within both art world practices, as well as philosophical and art historical discourses concerning art and human creativity, remain in their embryonic stages, and it is only now that they are beginning to coalesce into a coherent collection of theories within the academy. Rather than representing a single monolithic body of theo ry, feminist aesthetic scholarship can loosely be characterised as a collection of theoretical approaches - plural, rather than singular - which seek to problematise and de-naturalise the underlying assumptions that underpin dominant traditional theories concerning both the production and reception of art. In this sense, they constitute a set of responses to the vast body of aesthetic theory which precedes them. As such, feminist aesthetic discourse has covered a vast terrain ofShow MoreRelatedA Philosophy Of Nursing Is An Art940 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to write a philosophy of nursing, I believe that first one must decide what philosophy means to them. I think Shrock stated it best when she said, â€Å"philosophy is an attitude toward life and reality that evolves from each nurse’s beliefs †¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Edwards, 1997, 1089). This definition gives me the freedom to use my own beliefs. I do not have to accept what someone else has decided. Scholars have been debating for years, is nursing an art or is it a science? Why can it not be both? I believe thatRead MoreThe Goals And Philosophy Of Art2028 Words   |  9 Pages Goals and Philosophy: Visual Merchandisers have many employment options available in many different sectors. I believe that displays are all encompassing. It is the little details that culminate a theme or feel that makes customers want to shop at a particular store and have a certain type of experience depending on who they are. It is all about making an environment whether a store, a party, a home, etc. as inviting and welcoming as possible. I strongly believe that there is so much inspirationRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Teaching And Art914 Words   |  4 Pagesa desired career option for myself, more importantly, being an art teacher. With anything, there are pros and cons to my predetermined thesis. I consider myself an artist before I see myself as a teacher, this may be one of the biggest faults in my career choice or one of my greatest advantages in the world of education. The balance between teaching and art may be a difficult obstacle to overcome. From my overwhelming love of the arts to my loathi ng of school standardization, teaching is a seriousRead More Tolstoys Philosophy of Art Essay533 Words   |  3 PagesTolstoys Philosophy of Art Tolstoy approaches art with a very specific and narrow view of what is real and what is counterfeit in classifying artwork and what makes a work of art good or bad. Tolstoy believes that a work of art can be classified as real if and only if one man consciously by means of certain external signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived through, and that others are infected by these feelings and also experience them (10). 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However, with the shift of time and belief systems, the central focus of the European culture concerned not secular wisdom but divine inspiration, causing for the period we now refer to as the Dark Ages. But as theRead MoreThe Aesthetic Philosophy Of The Art World2215 Words   |  9 PagesSince the turn of the 20th century at least one of the biggest questions the art world has had to ask is whether or not art has to be beautiful, the consensus from the trend setters has generally been no with many hailing the praises of artworks, a mere commoner such as myself would find distasteful. The aesthetic philosophy that sits at the core of this question and many others the art world is concerned with is whether or not beauty is capable of presenting the unpresentable. If not can the competingRead MoreAesthetics Reflection On Art And The Philosophy Of Beauty1201 Words   |  5 Pagescriticize any works of art. Aesthetics are a part of an extended spectrum than just the philosophy of art and the philosophy of beauty, with this it responds to any form of positive or negative art or entertainment. There are 3 approaches of aesthetic philosophy aesthetic experience, aesthetic concepts, aesthetic object. Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and appreciation of art, beauty and good taste. It has also been defined as critical reflection on art, culture and natureRead MoreEssay on The Art and Philosophy of Balance at Constantin Brà ¢ncusi3104 Words   |  13 PagesThe Art and Philosophy of Balance at Constantin Brà ¢ncusi Motto: All dilemmas can be solved by unifying the contraries (Brà ¢ncusi) ABSTRACT: Our paper intends to be an attempt of making evident the joining of the art and the philosophy of Constantin Brà ¢ncusi, the most outstanding representative of sculpture in our century. 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Family Code of the Philippines Faqs Essay Example For Students

Family Code of the Philippines Faqs Essay Disclaimer Content on this web page is informational in nature, not specific legal advice, and someone seeking legal advice should consult with a lawyer licensed in their jurisdiction. Divorce Q. Is foreign divorce between Filipinos recognized in the Philippines? A. No, a foreign divorce between Filipino citizens is not recognized as valid in the Philippines and neither is the marriage contracted with another party subsequent to the foreign decree of divorce entitled to validity (Art. 26, Family Code). Foreign Adoption Q. Can a foreigner adopt a child in the Philippines? A Yes, under Republic Act No. 043 otherwise known as Inter-Country Adoption law, it allows a foreigner to adopt a child in the Philippines. Child Custody Q. In case of separation-in-fact of parents, who has the right of custody over the child? A. No child under seven years of age shall be separated from the mother, unless the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise (Second paragraph, Art. 213, Family Code). Child Support Q. Can I get support for my child even though I am not married to the father? A. Yes, parents are obliged to support their illegitimate children (Art. 195, Family Code). Nullity of Marriage Q. Do I need a judicial declaration of nullity of a previous marriage before contracting a subsequent marriage? A. Yes, a judicial declaration is needed to determine whether a person is legally free to contract a second marriage to avoid liability for bigamy (Art. 40, Family Code; Mercado v. Tan, G. R. No. 137110, August 1, 2000). Q. May the heirs of a deceased person file a petition for the declaration of nullity of his marriage after his death? A. Yes, the Court may pass upon the validity of marriage even in a suit not directly instituted to question the same so long as it is essential to the determination of the case. Ninal v. Bayadog, G. R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000, 328 SCRA 122). Bigamy Nullity of Marriage Q. Is the pendency of a civil case for declaration of nu llity of marriage a prejudicial question to suspend the criminal case for bigamy? A. No, the prosecution of the criminal case cannot be delayed or frustrated by filing belatedly a judicial declaration of nullity of first marriage. (Bobis v. Bobis, G. R. 138509, July 31, 2000). Psychological Incapacity Q. What do you mean by psychological incapacity as a ground for declaration of nullity of marriage? A. In the Supreme Court Decision entitled, Hernandez v. Court of Appeals and Hernandez, G. R. No. 126010, December 8, 1999, 320 SCRA 76, citing Santos v. Court of Appeals, psychological incapacity was defined as follows: Psychological incapacity should refer to no less than a mental (not physical) incapacity that causes a party to be truly incognitive of the basic marital covenants that concomitantly must be assumed and discharged by the parties to the marriage which, as so expressed by Article 68 of the Family Code, include their mutual obligations to live together, observe love, respect and fidelity and render help and support. There is hardly any doubt that the intendment of the law has been to confine the meaning of psychological incapacity to the most serious cases of personality disorders clearly demonstrative of an utter insensitivity or inability to give meaning and significance to the marriage. This psychological condition must exist at the time the marriage is celebrated. The law does not evidently envision, upon the other hand, an inability of the spouse to have sexual relations with the other. This conclusion is implicit under Article 54 of the Family Code which considers children conceived prior to the judicial declaration of nullity of the void marriage to be legitimate. The other forms of psychoses, if existing at the inception of marriage, like the state of a party being of unsound mind or concealment of drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, homosexuality or lesbianism, merely renders the marriage contract voidable pursuant to Article 46, Family Code. If drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or homosexuality should occur only during the marriage, they become mere grounds for legal separation under Article 55 of the Family Code. These provisions of the Code, however, do not necessarily preclude the possibility of these various circumstances being themselves, depending on the degree and severity of the disorder, indicia of psychological incapacity. Until further statutory and jurisprudential parameters are established, every circumstance that may have some bearing on the degree, extent, and other onditions of that incapacity must, in every case, be carefully examined and evaluated so that no precipitate and indiscriminate nullity is peremptorily decreed. The well-considered opinions of psychiatrists, psychologists, and persons with expertise in psychological disciplines might be helpful or even desirable. Further, the Supreme Court cited Republic of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, to wit: The root cause of the psycho logical incapacity must be: (a) medically or clinically identified, (b) alleged in the complaint, (c) sufficiently proven by the experts and (d) clearly explained in the decision. Article 36 of the Family Code requires that the incapacity must be psychological not physical, although its manifestations and/or symptoms may be physical. The evidence must convince the court that the parties, or one of them, was mentally or physically ill to such an extent that the person could not have known the obligations he was assuming or knowing them, could not have given valid assumption thereof. Although no example of such incapacity need be given here so as not to limit the application of the provision under principle of ejusdem generis (citing Salita v. Magtolis, supra) nevertheless such root cause must be identified as a psychological illness and its incapacitating nature fully explained. Expert evidence may be given by qualified psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Inheritance of Adopted Children Q. What is the share of the legitimate parents or ascendants if they concur with an adopted child as regards the estate of the adopter? A. The adopted shall exclude the legitimate parents or ascendants as they are declared to be legitimate children of the adopter according to Art. 89, Family Code. Surnames Q. Can an illegitimate child use the surname of his father? A. As a rule, illegitimate children shall use the surname and shall be under the parental authority of their mother (Article 176, Family Code). However, as an exception, illegitimate children may use the fathers surname if there has been an acknowledgement/recognition by the father (Art. 172, Family Code; DOJ Opinion No. 4, S. 1998). Change of First Name Q. What are the grounds for change of first name or nickname without a judicial order? A. Republic Act No. 048 dated March 22, 2001 provides the grounds for change of first name or nickname, to wit: 1. The petitioner finds the first name or nickname to be ridiculous, tainted with dishonor or merely difficult to write or pronounce; 2. The new first name or nickname has been habitually and continuously used by the petitioner and he has been publicly known by that first name or nickname in the community or; 3. The change will avoid confusion. Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 9048 Q What is the National Statistics Office Administrative Order No. 1, Series of 2001 (July 24, 2001)? A It is the implementing rules and regulations of RA 9048 which provides for the correction of clerical or typographical errors and change of first name or nickname. Q Who are authorized to correct clerical or typographical error and to change first name or nickname? A The city/municipal civil registrar, Consul General, including the Clerk of the Sharia Court in his capacity as District or Circuit Registrar of Muslim Marriages, Divorces, Revocations of Divorces and Conversions, are hereby authorized to correct clerical or typographical error and to change name or nickname in the civil registrar. Q What is a clerical or typographical error under the IRR? A It refers to a mistake committed in the performance of clerical work in writing, copying, transcribing or typing an entry in the civil register that is harmless and innocuous, such as misspelled name or misspelled place of birth or the like, which is visible to the eyes or obvious to the understanding, and can be corrected or changed only by reference to other existing record or records: Provided, however, That no correction must involve the change of nationality, age, status or sex of the petitioner. Q Who may file the petition? A Any person of legal age, having direct and personal interest in the correction of a clerical or typographical error in an entry and/or change of first name or nickname in the civil register, may file the petition. A person is considered to have direct and personal interest when he is the owner of the record, or the owners spouse, children, parents, brothers, sisters, grandparents, guardian, or any other person duly authorized by law or by the owner of the document sought to be corrected: Provided, however, That when a person is a minor or physically or mentally incapacitated, the petition may be filed on his behalf by his spouse, or any of his children, parents, brothers, sisters, grandparents, guardians, or persons duly authorized by law. Q What is the form and content of the petition? A The petition shall be in the prescribed form of an affidavit, subscribed and sworn to before any person authorized by law to administer oath. The affidavit shall set forth facts necessary to establish the merits of the petition and shall show affirmatively that the petitioner is competent to testify to the matters stated. The petitioner shall state the particular erroneous entry or entries sought to be corrected or the first name sought to be changed, and the correction or change to be made. Q Where can you file the petition? A The verified petition may be filed, in person, with the Local Civil Registry Office (LCRO) of the city or municipality or with the Office of the Clerk of the Sharia Court as the case may be, where the record containing the clerical or typographical error to be corrected, or first name to be changed, is registered. When the petitioner had already migrated to another place within the Philippines and it would not be practical for such party, in terms of transportation expenses, time and effort to appear in person before the Record-Keeping Civil Registrar (RKCR), the petition may be filed, in person, with the Petition-Receiving Civil Registrar (PRCR) of the place where the migrant petitioner is residing or domiciled. Any person whose civil registry record was registered in the Philippines, or in any Philippine Consulate, but who is presently residing or domiciled in a foreign country, may file the petition, in person, with the nearest Philippine Consulate, or in accordance with Rule 3 thereof. Law on Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) Q What is the ECCD Act? A The ECCD Act is the institutionalization of a National System for Early Childhood Care and Development that is comprehensive, integrative and sustainable, that involves multisectoral and inter-agency collaboration at the national and local levels among government; among services providers, families and communities; and among the public and private sectors, non-government organizations, professional associations, and academic institutions. This system shall promote the inclusion of children with special needs and advocate respect for cultural diversity. It shall be anchored on complementary strategies for ECCD that include service delivery for children from conception to age six (6), educating parents and caregivers, encouraging the active involvement of parents and communities in ECCD programs, raising awareness about the importance of ECCD, and promoting community development efforts that improve the quality of life for young children and families. Same Sex Marriages EssayA The rules shall apply to all officials and employees in government, whether in the Career or Non-Career service and holding any level of position, including Presidential appointees and elective officials regardless of status, in the national or local government, state colleges and universities, including government-owned or controlled corporations, with original charters. Q Under the Rules, what is the definition of the administrative offense of sexual harassment? A The administrative offense of sexual harassment is an act, or a series of acts, involving any unwelcome sexual advance, request or demand for a sexual favor, or other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature, committed by a government employee or official in a work-related, training or education related environment of the person complained of. Q What is work-related sexual harassment? A Work-related sexual harassment is committed under the following circumstances: . Submission to or rejection of the act or series of acts is used as a basis for any employment decision (including, but not limited to, matters related to hiring, promotion, raise in salary, job security, benefits and any other personnel action) affecting the applicant/employee; or 2. The act or series of acts have the purpose or effect of interfering with the complainants work performance, or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment; or 3. The act or series of acts might reasonably be expected to cause discrimination, insecurity, discomfort, offense or humiliation to a complainant who may be a co-employee, applicant, customer, or ward of the person complained of. Q What is education or training-related sexual harassment? A Education or training-related sexual harassment is committed against one who is under the actual or constructive care, custody or supervision of the offender, or against one whose education, training, apprenticeship, internship or tutorship is directly or constructively entrusted to, or is provided by, the offender, when: . Submission to or rejection of the act or series of acts is used as a basis for any decision affecting the complainant, including, but not limited to, the giving of a grade, the granting of honors or a scholarship, the payment of a stipend or allowance, or the giving of any benefit, privilege or consideration. 2. The act or series of acts have the purpose or effect of interfering with the performance, or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive academic environment of the complainant; or 3. The act or series of acts might reasonably be expected to cause discrimination, insecurity, discomfort, offense or humiliation to a complainant who may be a trainee, apprentice, intern, tutee or ward of the person complained of. Q What are the forms of sexual harassment? A The following are illustrative forms of sexual harassment: a. ) Physical a. 1) Malicious touching a. 2) Overt sexual advances a. 3) Gestures with lewd insinuation b. ) Verbal, such as but not limited to, requests or demands for sexual favors, and lurid remarks c. ) Use of objects, pictures or graphics, letters or written notes with sexual underpinnings . ) Other forms analogous to the foregoing. Q Who are the persons liable for sexual harassment? A Any government official or employee, regardless of sex, is liable for sexual harassment when he/she: a. ) directly participates in the execution of any act of sexual harassment as defined by the Rules; b. ) induces or directs another or others to commit sexual harass ment as defined by the Rules; c. ) cooperates in the commission of sexual harassment by another through an act without which the sexual harassment would not have been accomplished; d. cooperates in the commission of sexual harassment by another through previous or simultaneous acts. Q In what places may sexual harassment happen? A Sexual harassment may take place 1. In the premises of the workplace or office or of the school or training institution; 2. In any place where the parties were found as a result of work or education or training responsibilities or relations; 3. At work or education or training related social functions; 4. While on official business outside the office or school or training institution or during work or school or training-related travel; . At official conferences, fora, symposia or training sessions; 6. Or by telephone, cellular phone, fax machine or electronic mail. Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act of 1992 Q What constitutes child abuse? A Under Republic Act 7610 dated August 1992, child abuse is defined as the maltreatment of the child whether habitual or not, and which may be committed in various forms. Article 1, Section 3 (b) of R. A. 7610 provides for the following instances: 1. Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment; 2. Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human being; 3. Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and shelter; or, 4. Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in serious impairment of his growth and development and in his permanent incapacity or death. 5. Further, under . R. A 7610, child abuse per se, is not punished as a distinct and separate crime but is subsumed by ordinary crimes. International Child Abduction Q What is the Hague Convention on International Child Abduction? A The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction is concerned with international situations the objective of which is to secure the prompt return of children wrongfully removed to, or retained in any Contracting State; and that respect will be ensured for rights of custody and access existing under the law of one Contracting State in other Contracting States. The first paragraph of the Preamble of the Convention also announces how the States parties are concerned that the interests of children are of paramount importance in matters relating in the custody. Q When shall the removal or the retention of a child be considered wrongful? A The removal or the retention of a child is to be considered wrongful where: 1. It is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person, an institution or any other body, either jointly or alone, under the law of the State in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention; and 2. At the time of removal or retention those rights were actually exercised, either jointly or alone, or would have been so exercised but for the removal or retention. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Q What is the guiding principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child? A The Convention in its Preamble, affirms the fact that children possess inherent dignity and human rights, but their physical and mental immaturity make them vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. It emphasizes the need to provide children with special care and assistance including legal protection before and after birth. This statement gives direction to issues concerning the right to life of the unborn. It likewise recognizes the role of community traditions and cultural values in shaping the character of the child. Q What is the definition of a child under the Convention? A The Convention sets the standard definition of children to be those persons who are below (18) years of age. However, the Convention also recognizes the fact that in some States, the age of majority may be attained earlier as dictated by their cultures. In the same manner, the age of majority also varies according to the assumption of responsibility as provided by law. It is also a guiding principle that: 1. States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights set forth in the resent Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the childs or his or her parents or legal guardians race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic, or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. 2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment on th e basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of the childs parents, legal guardians, or family members. . All efforts and actions taken by the State shall consider at all times the best interests of the child. Q Can a child under seven (7) years of age be separated from the mother? A A child under seven (7) years of age shall not be separated from the mother, unless the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise. (Article 213, E. O. 209, as amended; Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575 ). Illegitimate Children Q Who are considered illegitimate children under the Family Code? A Children conceived and born outside a valid marriage are illegitimate. An illegitimate child shall use the surname of the mother. Section 5 of the Civil Registry law requires that the birth certificate of the illegitimate child shall be signed and sworn to jointly his/her parents or only by the mother if the father refuses. It further provides that in the latter case, it shall not be permissible to state or reveal in the document the name of the father who refuses to acknowledge the child or to give therein any information by which such father could be identified. An illegitimate child, however, can establish the illegitimate filiation, if impugned, under the Family Code. Under Article 176 of the Family Code the illegitimate child shall always be under the parental authority of the mother and shall be entitled to support in conformity with the Code. The legitime of the illegitimate child shall consist of one-half of the legitime of a legitimate child. The child can present a judicial declaration or a record of birth or show the admission of filiation in a public document or a private handwritten instrument by the parent concerned. In the absence thereof, the open and continuous possession of illegitimate filiation or other means allowed by the Rules of Court may be presented. Artificial Insemination Q What does the Family Code provide on artificial insemination? A- The Family Code provides as follows, to wit: Art. 164. Children conceived or born during the marriage of the parents are legitimate. Children conceived as a result of artificial insemination of the wife with sperm of the husband or that of donor or both are likewise legitimate children of the husband and his wife, provided, that both of them authorized or ratified such insemination in a written instrument executed and signed by them before the birth of the child. The instrument shall be recorded in the civil registry together with birth certificate of the child. Foreign Marriages of Philippine Citizens Q What is the status of a Filipino citizen who is married to a foreigner and subsequently, divorce is obtained abroad by the alien spouse? A Where a marriage between a Filipino citizen and a foreigner is validly celebrated and a divorce is thereafter validly obtained abroad by the alien spouse capacitating him or her to remarry, the Filipino spouse shall likewise have capacity to remarry under Philippine law (2nd paragraph, Article 26, Family Code as amended by Executive Order No. 227 dated July 17, 1987). Q What are the exceptions to Executive Order No. 227 dated July 17, 1987? A The said Executive Order does not apply to the following: 1. To a divorce obtained by a Filipino abroad from his or her Filipino spouse, which divorce is void because divorce is not allowed in the Philippines, and a Filipino citizen is governed by his nationality law which follows him wherever he goes. (Article 15, Civil Code). 2. To a divorce obtained by a former Filipino citizen who had been naturalized in another country after his naturalization.